Do patients with molar incisor hypomineralization have more dental anxiety and behavior management problems? A systematic review with meta-analysis

Abstract This systematic review evaluated the available evidence on whether children with molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH) have more dental fear and anxiety (DFA) and dental behavior management problems (DBMPs) than those without MIH (Prospero CDR42020203851). Unrestricted searches were performed in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Lilacs, BBO, Embase, Cochrane Library, APA PsycINFO, Open Grey, and Google Scholar. Observational studies evaluating DFA and/or DBMPs in patients with and without MIH were eligible. Reviews, case reports, interventional studies, and those based on questionnaires to dentists were excluded. The methodological quality assessment was based on the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Random-effects meta-analyses were conducted to synthesize data on DFA. The certainty of evidence was performed according to GRADE. Seven studies that evaluated a total of 3,805 patients were included. All of them presented methodological issues, mainly in the comparability domain. Most studies observed no significant difference in DFA between children with and without MIH. The meta-analysis did not show a significant effect of MIH on the standardized units for the DFA scores (SMD = 0.03; 95%CI: -0.06-0.12; p = 0.53; I2 = 0%). Synthesis including only the results for severe cases of MIH also did not show a significant effect of the condition on DFA scores (MD = 8.68; 95%CI: -8.64-26.00; p = 0.33; I2 = 93%). Two articles found DBMPs were significantly more frequent in patients with MIH. The overall certainty of evidence was very low for both outcomes assessed. The current evidence suggests no difference in DFA between children with and without MIH; DBMPs are more common in patients with MIH. This information should be viewed with caution because of the very low quality evidence obtained.

Efficacy of treatments used to relieve signs and symptoms associated with teething: a systematic review

Abstract: The purpose of this review was to systematically evaluate all the existing literature on the efficacy of treatments used to relieve the signs and symptoms associated with teething. A systematic search up to February 2021, without restrictions on language or date of publication, was carried out in MEDLINE/PubMed, SCOPUS, Web of Science, The Cochrane Library, EMBASE, LILACS, BBO, OpenGrey, Google Scholar, Portal de Periódicos da CAPES, clinicaltrials.gov, and the references of the included studies. Clinical studies that evaluated the effect of any intervention to alleviate the signs and symptoms associated with teething in babies and children were included. The risk of bias was assessed using the ROB-2 and ROBINS-I tools. The characteristics and results of the individual studies were extracted and synthesized narratively. The GRADE approach was followed to rate the certainty of the evidence. Three randomized and two non-randomized clinical trials were included. The outcomes of these five articles were classified as high or serious risk of bias. Three studies using homeopathy reported improvement in appetite disorders, gum discomfort, and excess salivation. One study showed a new gel with hyaluronic acid was more effective than an anesthetic gel in improving signs and symptoms such as pain, gingival redness, and poor sleep quality. Another study applied non-pharmacological treatments, which were more effective, especially against excess salivation. Although the present systematic review suggests some therapies could have a favorable effect on signs and symptoms related to teething, definitive conclusions on their efficacy cannot be drawn because of the very low certainty of the evidence. The existing literature on the subject is scarce and heterogeneous and has methodological flaws; therefore, further high-quality investigations are necessary.

Knowledge of health professionals about breastfeeding and factors that lead the weaning: a scoping review / Conhecimento de profissionais de saúde sobre amamentação e fatores que levam ao desmame: uma revisão de escopo

Abstract This review evaluated the knowledge of health professionals (HP) about breastfeeding and factors that leading the weaning. A search was performed in four electronics databases and the grey literature. The search strategy included Mesh terms and synonyms. No language or date restrictions were adopted. Studies that evaluated the knowledge of HP about breastfeeding and weaning were considered eligible. The studies retrieved by the searches were evaluated by two independently examiners. From 1,417 studies retrieved, 35 were included. Many countries and professionals from different health areas were analyzed. No studies evaluated the dentists' knowledge. Although the included HP know the benefits of breastfeeding for health, the length of breastfeeding recommended by the World Health Organization, exclusive or not, was not aligned with all professionals' endorsement. Information about weaning is scarce; however, HP are mindful of the main potential causes of early weaning. The knowledge of HP is conflicting about breastfeeding and unusual about weaning. Furthermore, no studies were found that presented data on the knowledge of dentists on the subject. Thus, assessments of dentists' knowledge and education measures for HP are necessary since they are frequently questioned about these issues.

Resumo Esta revisão avaliou o conhecimento dos profissionais de saúde (PS) sobre amamentação e fatores que levam ao desmame. Realizou-se buscas em quatro bancos de dados eletrônicos e literatura cinzenta. A estratégia de busca incluiu termos Mesh e sinônimos. Não se adotou restrição de idioma ou data. Estudos avaliando o conhecimento dos PS sobre amamentação e desmame foram elegíveis. Estudos recuperados pelas buscas foram avaliados por dois examinadores independentes. Dos 1.417 estudos recuperados, 35 foram incluídos. Muitos países e PS de diferentes áreas foram analisados. Nenhum estudo avaliou o conhecimento dos dentistas. Embora os PS conheçam os benefícios da amamentação, a duração recomendada pela Organização Mundial da Saúde, exclusiva ou não, não está alinhada com o endosso de todos os PS. Considerando o desmame, a informação é escassa. No entanto, os PS estão atentos às principais causas potenciais do desmame precoce. O conhecimento dos PS é conflitante sobre amamentação e incomum sobre o desmame. Não foram encontrados estudos que apresentassem dados sobre o conhecimento de dentistas sobre a temática. Investigações quanto ao conhecimento dos mesmos e medidas de educação para todos os PS são necessárias, considerando que são frequentemente questionados sobre o tema.

Diretrizes para detecção precoce do câncer de mama no Brasil. I - Métodos de elaboração / Directrices para la detección precoz del cáncer de mama en Brasil. I - Métodos de elaboración / Guidelines for early detection of breast cancer in Brazil. I - Development methods

Tradicionalmente, diretrizes clínicas são elaboradas a partir do consenso de opiniões de especialistas. Nos últimos anos, a magnitude dos benefícios do rastreamento mamográfico vem sendo questionada em função dos vieses detectados nos ensaios clínicos que popularizaram a disseminação dessa prática. Paralelamente, o crescente corpo de evidências sobre danos associados ao rastreamento mamográfico também demandava uma nova abordagem que considerasse as incertezas sobre os benefícios e um balanço entre ganhos e possíveis danos. O presente artigo tem por objetivo apresentar o processo de elaboração das novas diretrizes para detecção precoce do câncer de mama no Brasil, detalhando os métodos utilizados, bem como suas implicações para as novas recomendações. A nova abordagem metodológica apresenta como pilares a realização de revisões sistemáticas da literatura, a avaliação da validade das evidências e o balanço entre riscos e benefícios de cada intervenção, garantindo maior transparência, reprodutibilidade e validade no processo de elaboração. Outra inovação das novas diretrizes é a presença de recomendações dirigidas a casos com sinais e sintomas suspeitos. As vantagens da abordagem adotada frente ao modelo tradicional de consenso de especialistas são discutidas com detalhes, bem como os limites e desvantagens dos métodos utilizados. Também são discutidas as implicações de diversas decisões, como escolhas sobre desenhos de estudo, desfechos sobre efetividade do rastreamento, além da definição de sobrediagnóstico e forma de cálculo.

Tradicionalmente, las directrices clínicas se elaboran a partir del consenso de opiniones de especialistas. En los últimos años, la magnitud de los beneficios del rastreo mamográfico ha sido cuestionada, debido a los sesgos detectados en los ensayos clínicos que popularizaron la propagación de esta práctica. Paralelamente, el creciente cuerpo de evidencias sobre daños asociados al rastreo mamográfico también demandaba un nuevo enfoque que considerase las incertidumbres sobre los beneficios y un balance entre ventajas y posibles daños. Este artículo tiene como objetivo presentar el proceso de elaboración de las nuevas directrices para la detección precoz del cáncer de mama en Brasil, detallando los métodos utilizados, así como sus implicaciones para las nuevas recomendaciones. El nuevo enfoque metodológico presenta como pilares la realización de revisiones sistemáticas de la literatura, la evaluación de la validez de las evidencias y el balance entre riesgos y beneficios de cada intervención, garantizando una mayor transparencia, reproductibilidad y validez en el proceso de elaboración. Otra innovación de las nuevas diretrices es la presencia de recomendaciones dirigidas a casos con signos y síntomas sospechosos. Las ventajas del enfoque adoptado, frente al modelo tradicional de consenso por parte de los especialistas, se discute en detalle, así como los límites y desventajas de los métodos utilizados. Asimismo, se discuten las implicaciones de diversas decisiones, como las decisiones en relación con diseños de estudio, resultados sobre efectividad del rastreo, así como la definición de sobrediagnóstico y forma de cálculo.

Clinical guidelines are traditionally drafted by expert consensus. The benefits of mammographic screening have been questioned in recent years, owing to biases detected in the clinical trials that popularized its widespread use. Meanwhile, growing body of evidence on harms associated with mammographic screening also required a new approach, taking into account the uncertainties on the benefits and a balance between the gains and possible harms from screening. This article discusses the development of the new guidelines for early detection of breast cancer in Brazil, with details on the drafting methods and implications for the new recommendations. The new methodology features systematic literature reviews, assessment of the validity of the evidence, and the balance between each intervention's risks and benefits, ensuring greater transparency, reproducibility, and validity in the drafting process. The new guidelines also include recommendations for cases with suspicious signs and symptoms. The authors provide a detailed discussion of the advantages of the approach as compared to the traditional expert consensus model, as well as the methods' limitations and disadvantages. They also address the implications of various decisions, such as choices on study designs, screening effectiveness outcomes, definition of overdiagnosis, and methods for calculation.

Duration of effectiveness of Botulinum toxin type A in excessive gingival display: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Abstract Botulinum toxin type A is effective in reducing excessive gingival display caused by hyperfunctional upper lip elevator muscles; however, this effect is transient. This study aimed to determine the duration of the effectiveness of botulinum toxin type A on a gummy smile. A systematic search was conducted using Medline (PubMed), Scopus, and Web of Science electronic databases, from 1970 to March 2017 with no language restriction; the search included studies evaluating adult patients with excessive gingival display who were treated with botulinum toxin and were followed-up for at least 3 months. OpenGrey and Clinical Trial Registry were also consulted. Quality assessment was applied to determine the level of evidence and bias, and a meta-analysis was performed. Of 2181 full texts, 71 were obtained, with 3 prospective studies meeting the selection criteria. The gingival display was significantly reduced to baseline with 2, 4, and 8 weeks of treatment. The gingival display considerably reduced at the baseline-2-week comparison (-4.44 mm using raw data and-4.05 mm using the standard difference) and increased throughout the weeks of follow-up. There is scant evidence to determine the duration of the effectiveness of toxin type A on a gummy smile. The effect tends to be stable until at least 8 weeks of follow-up, and the gingival exposure may not return to baseline within 12 weeks of follow-up. Well-designed randomized clinical trials with a minimum of 6 months of follow-up are necessary to strengthen the evidence.

A produção científica sobre terapia ocupacional: o silenciamento da relação trabalho-saúde / Scientific production on occupational therapy: the silencing of the work-health relationship / La producción científica sobre terapia ocupacional: el silenciamiento de la relación trabajo-salud

Resumo O objetivo deste trabalho foi conhecer o cenário e construir um panorama geral da produção científica da terapia ocupacional, trabalho e saúde, bem como identificar de que forma tais publicações vêm se configurando em relação à produção do conhecimento, especificamente no desenvolvimento do pensamento empírico e teórico na formação em terapia ocupacional – como estão sendo conduzidas as discussões, com base em quais referenciais teóricos e abordagens metodológicas são orientadas. A pesquisa foi realizada nas bases de dados Pubmed, Lilacs e Cochrane Library, e as categorias analisadas foram: publicações nacionais e internacionais; países de publicação; ano de publicação; tipo de publicação; quais revistas e áreas de concentração; e concentração por tema e assunto. Concluiu-se que o tema necessita de outras discussões teóricas e metodológicas, visando aprofundar a relação entre os campos da terapia ocupacional, trabalho e saúde. Com a aproximação entre os três campos e as relações que se pôde estabelecer entre eles, observou-se que, em sua maioria, a produção nas esferas técnica e acadêmica não considera a complexa relação entre trabalho e saúde.

Abstract The aim of this study was to get to know the scenario and build an overview of the scientific production in occupational therapy, work and health, and to identify how such publications have been being set up with regard to the production of knowledge, specifically in the development of empirical thought and in theoretical training in occupational therapy – how the discussions are being conducted, and based on which theoretical and methodological approaches references they are guided. The survey was conducted in the Pubmed, Lilacs and Cochrane Library databases, and the categories analyzed were Brazilian and international publications, publishing countries, year of publication, type of publication, magazines and areas of concentration, and concentration by topic and subject. It was concluded that the issue requires further theoretical and methodological discussions aiming to deepen the relationship between the fields of occupational therapy, work and health. With the approximation among the three fields and the relationships that could be established among them, it was observed that, in most cases, production in technical and academic spheres does not take the complex relationship between work and health into account.

Resumen El objetivo de este trabajo fue conocer el escenario y construir un panorama general de la producción científica de la terapia ocupacional, trabajo y salud, así como identificar de qué forma tales publicaciones se están configurando con relación a la producción del conocimiento, específicamente en el desarrollo del pensamiento empírico y teórico en la formación en terapia ocupacional –cómo se están conduciendo las discusiones, en base a cuáles referencias teóricas y enfoques metodológicos están orientadas. La investigación se realizó en las bases de datos Pubmed, Lilacs y Cochrane Library, y las categorías analizadas fueron: publicaciones nacionales e internacionales; países de publicación; año de publicación; tipo de publicación; cuáles revistas y áreas de concentración; y concentración por tema y asunto. Se concluyó que el tema necesita otras discusiones teóricas y metodológicas, buscando profundizar la relación entre los campos de la terapia ocupacional, trabajo y salud. Con la aproximación entre los tres campos y las relaciones que se pudo establecer entre ellos, se observó que, en su mayoría, la producción en las esferas técnica y académica no considera la compleja relación entre trabajo y salud.